X (Twitter) Grants EU Researchers API Access Under Digital Services Act Compliance
In a significant policy shift, X (formerly Twitter) has updated its developer terms to allow European Union-based researchers access to its API for public interest research. This move comes as a direct response to legal obligations under the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA), marking a notable reversal from Elon Musk’s earlier restrictions on data access.
Why This Change Matters
- DSA Compliance: The DSA requires Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) like X to provide data access for research on systemic risks
- Research Focus: Updated terms specify access is limited to studies on “detection, identification and understanding of systemic risks in the EU”
- Legal Mandate: Article 40 of the DSA mandates platforms facilitate data access to vetted researchers through APIs or databases
The Backstory: From Restrictions to Compliance
Since Elon Musk’s acquisition and subsequent rebranding of Twitter to X, the platform has:
- Eliminated free API access in February 2023
- Implemented restrictive pricing tiers that hampered academic research
- Been designated as a VLOP by the EU in April 2023
- Faced mounting pressure from EU officials regarding disinformation concerns
Current Research Landscape on X
Despite these changes:
- X currently lacks an active research program
- Academic researchers report difficulties getting answers about access
- The platform promised a dedicated academic program in March 2023 but hasn’t delivered updates
“For Academia, we are looking at new ways to continue serving this community. In the meantime Free, Basic and Enterprise tiers are available for academics.” — @XDevelopers, March 29, 2023
EU’s Growing Scrutiny of X
The European Commission has:
- Expressed concerns about X potentially blocking data access to academics
- Sought information about X’s handling of illegal content and disinformation
- Not yet opened formal investigations, opting for public pressure tactics
- Authority to impose penalties up to 6% of global revenues for non-compliance
What the Updated Terms Actually Say
The revised developer agreement now includes:
“Your access and use of the Licensed Material is limited solely to performing research that contributes to the detection, identification and understanding of systemic risks in the European Union and only to the extent necessary for X to comply with its obligations under the DSA.”
Key restrictions:
- Research must be non-commercial
- Data cannot be shared outside research teams without authorization
- Disclosure only permitted to DSA-authorized parties or when required by law
Looking Ahead
While this change represents progress for EU researchers, questions remain:
- Will X develop a broader research access program for non-EU academics?
- How will the platform balance compliance with its broader API restrictions?
- What impact will this have on global disinformation research?
This development demonstrates the DSA’s growing influence in shaping platform policies, even for companies like X that have resisted external oversight.
TechCrunch’s Natasha Lomas contributed to this report.
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